articles details

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) refers to a group of clinicopathological syndromes that affect the small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and venules of the brain, primarily leading to subclinical cerebrovascular damage. CSVD is highly prevalent in the general population, with its incidence increasing significantly with age. The clinical manifestations of CSVD are complex and varied, and the onset is often insidious. Some patients may show no obvious acute symptoms, instead exhibiting a gradually progressive course. As the disease advances, patients may develop a combination of symptoms including cognitive impairment, gait abnormalities, emotional disturbances, and urinary dysfunction.

The development and progression of CSVD are influenced by multiple factors. Age and genetic predisposition are non-modifiable risk factors, while hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia are modifiable and play a critical role in prevention.

Clinically, treatment of CSVD focuses on managing risk factors such as blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid levels. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies—such as aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin, and rivaroxaban—may also be used. However, there is currently no standardized pharmacological treatment specifically proven to improve neurological function after the onset of CSVD.

‍